Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The water filtering system is mostly used to purify for human consumption (drinking water). The purification process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi; and a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces that water may have made contact with after falling as rain. The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards. These standards will typically set minimum and maximum concentrations of contaminants for the use that is to be made of the water.
A water filter cartridge is a cartridge which is inserted into a water filtering system. The cartridge does the actual filtering, pulling particulates out of the water so that it will be drinkable. Most water filter systems have proprietary cartridge design, which means that consumers must take care to use filters produced by that company for their systems, and the cartridges need to be replaced on a regular basis to ensure that the water continues to be filtered properly. The efficacy of the water filter cartridge depends on its design. Some just remove particles above a certain size, while others may be able to remove some chemicals and heavy metals. Water filtering systems usually include fact sheets explaining what they can and cannot filter so that consumers can choose the system which meets their needs.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane-technology filtration method that removes many types of large molecules and ions from solutions by applying pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane. The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side. To be "selective," this membrane should not allow large molecules or ions through the pores (holes), but should allow smaller components of the solution (such as the solvent) to pass freely. And the reverse osmosis filter is most commonly known for its use in drinking water purification from seawater, removing the salt and other substances from the water molecules.
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